Stress Really Is Killing Us
Mladenoff Clinic of AZ • July 15, 2018
There are new clues that the high levels of stress many people endure every day are taking a deadly toll.
White, working-class Americans are dying in middle age at a rapidly increasing pace, reversing a long-standing trend toward greater life expectancy across all races and social classes, according to a
new report
from economists Anne Case and Angus Deaton.
Daniel Keating
Much of this alarming trend comes from "deaths of despair," especially opioid addictions and overdoses, suicide, and alcohol-related diseases. To stem this epidemic, they argue that we need to understand the underlying reasons why this is happening. Case and Deaton make a plausible case that "slow moving and cumulative" social forces -- lack of labor market opportunities and fraying of the accustomed social fabric -- are key explanations. They reject arguments that attribute this trend to income alone or to a decline in virtue.
But an even more basic cause lies hidden at the intersection of psychology and biology -- a widespread stress epidemic that is affecting this group dramatically at the present but threatens all of us unless we soon understand the source of this trend and take steps to address it.
Stress-related disorders and diseases have been on the rise in the whole population for decades, according to data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, including those leading to these deaths of despair, but also to
heart disease
,
obesity
, and
diabetes.
National
surveys by the American Psychological Association
that also capture how stressed, anxious and overwhelmed we feel show a similar increasing pattern. And it shows up in our bodies, even before we get sick or start down the many roads to self-harm.
A recent
study by the Hamilton Project
looked at the "physiological stress load" in the US using biological markers tied to cardiovascular, kidney and liver function to create a stress load index. This physical stress load, a precursor to many diseases, has increased in striking fashion since the late 1970s, and it is getting worse as each new age group enters adulthood.
We should see this increase in mortality for what it is -- a leading indicator of what could be in store for many of us. What social forces are producing the broader stress epidemic, and how do they "get under the skin" to cause long-term damage? One major clue comes from a closer look at the stress load index.
It has increased for everyone, but with marked inequality -- it has risen more sharply for those with fewer social and economic resources but also more for the middle class compared to the well off. There is a clear line that connects increasing inequality in income and opportunities, to increases in stress and mortality that hits some groups earlier than others.
A central biological pathway is from excess cortisol -- the fight-or-flight hormone -- that characterizes being over-stressed for long periods of time. This "stress dysregulation" leads to risky health decisions, like addiction or overeating, and directly to many health problems linked to excess cortisol.
Why are white, working-class Americans showing the earliest effects? Surely African-Americans and Hispanics have been experiencing inequality at equal or higher levels over these same decades. The key lies in different starting points in perceptions of control -- stress is largely a psychosocial phenomenon, though, of course, material deprivation also plays a role.
Minorities have gained some ground materially, in relative terms, over recent decades, but they also did not start with an assumption of being in control in the wider society. Losing a sense of control that you believed you had, whether real or not, justified or not, creates stressful dislocations.
We have seen this pattern before. In the disintegration of the Soviet Union in the 1990s, the group that saw itself as having substantial control -- middle-aged Russian men in particular -- experienced a similar loss of control, economically and in terms of cultural identity as the "socialist vanguard." They also
died younger, suffering dramatic increases in early mortality.
If we understand what is actually happening -- socially, psychologically and biologically -- we can see that this effect is not going to be limited to just one group in the future. My colleagues and I have reported a pattern of increasing inequality being tied to worsening population outcomes -- not for mortality, but for the health, achievement and social engagement of adolescents in rich Western countries. But what we also found was that this was not inevitable.
Countries (Austria, Denmark, France, Sweden and others) that controlled income inequality and maintained investments in human development -- such as early childhood and parenting support, education, and social safety nets in health care and unemployment -- did not experience these increasing problems in adolescent and youth development.
Slow-moving and cumulative social forces "get under the skin" early in life and can show up decades later in morbidity and mortality. The risk is magnified in light of very recent research showing that high levels of stress experienced by expectant mothers or by babies can make fundamental biological changes in infancy -- through what are known as epigenetic changes , which alter how genes work -- that can endure over a lifetime.
This burden of stress dysregulation in young Americans from early life adversity amplifies the stress epidemic by making more of us vulnerable, and by increasing the total amount of ambient stress we all experience everyday in our schools, our workplaces, our social media, on our highways, in our malls -- in effect, throughout our communities.
Increasing inequality and decreasing investment in human development place all of us at risk -- a stressful recognition itself in the current political environment where there is the potential for going even further in the risky direction. Resisting these trends is essential to health, because the consequences will show up for all of us for decades to come.
Source: CNN.com Read the full article here.
Schedule an appointment. Call or Text (602) 524-0222. Email us at info@mladenoffclinicaz.com
Let's take a deep dive into signs of nutrient deficiency you should never ignore. Cracked Lips - > B2 Deficiency Riboflavin (vitamin B2) deficiency, also known as a riboflavinosis, can cause a variety of symptoms, including skin disorders, mouth sores, and vision problems. It's often associated with other nutritional deficiencies and can be particularly risky during pregnancy. Treatment typically involves riboflavin supplementation and addressing any underlying conditions contributing to the deficiency. Signs and Symptoms Skin: Dermatitis, including red, scaly patches, especially around the mouth, nose, ears, and genitals. Cracks and fissures at the corners of the mouth (angular cheilitis) and on the lips (cheilosis). Mouth: Soreness, inflammation, and a magenta-colored tongue. Eyes: Itchy, red, and watery eyes, light sensitivity (photophobia), and blurred vision. In severe cases, it can contribute to cataracts. General Fatigue, anemia (especially in severe cases), and possibly depression. Some studies also suggest a link to migraines and peripheral neuropathy. Reproductive: Riboflavin deficiency during pregnancy can potentially lead to fetal birth defects and increase the risk of preeclampsia. Causes Inadequate dietary intake: Especially in populations with limited access to riboflavin-rich foods like dairy, meat, and eggs. Malabsorption: Conditions like celiac disease or inflammatory bowel disease can impair riboflavin absorption. Increased needs: Pregnancy, lactation, and intense exercise can increase riboflavin requirements. Bleeding Gums - > Vitamin C Deficiency Vitamin C deficiency, if severe and prolonged, can lead to a disease called scurvy. Scurvy is characterized by symptoms like fatigue, anemia, bleeding gums, poor wound healing, and skin problems. While scurvy is rare in the United States, it can affect older adults with poor nutrition. Symptoms Early symptoms: Fatigue, weakness, irritability, weight loss, and vague muscle and joint aches. Scurvy symptoms (develop after months of deficiency): Bleeding under the skin (especially around hair follicles and as bruises), swollen and bleeding gums, loose teeth, dry and brittle hair, dry and rough skin, fluid accumulation in the legs, and anemia. Infants: May exhibit irritability, pain upon movement, loss of appetite, impaired bone growth, and bleeding or anemia. Causes Insufficient dietary intake: Not eating enough fruits and vegetables, which are rich in vitamin C. Increased need: Certain conditions like smoking, drug or alcohol abuse, pregnancy, and breastfeeding can increase the body's need for vitamin C. Absorption issues: Problems with the gastrointestinal tract can hinder vitamin C absorption. Hair Loss - > Zinc Deficiency Zinc deficiency occurs when the body doesn't get enough zinc, a vital mineral. This can lead to a range of symptoms, including impaired immune function, slow wound healing, hair loss, and skin problems. In severe cases, it can also affect growth, sexual development, and cognitive function. Symptoms Impaired Immune Function: Zinc is crucial for a healthy immune system, and deficiency can increase susceptibility to infections. Delayed Wound Healing: Zinc plays a role in cell growth and repair, so a deficiency can slow down the healing of wounds. Skin Problems: Skin rashes, eczema-like lesions, and dry, flaky skin can be signs of zinc deficiency. Hair Loss: Zinc deficiency can contribute to hair loss or thinning. Digestive Issues: Diarrhea, especially in infants, is a common symptom. Loss of Appetite and Weight Loss: Zinc deficiency can reduce appetite and contribute to weight loss. Changes in Taste and Smell: A reduced ability to taste and smell can be a sign of zinc deficiency. Growth Retardation: In children, zinc deficiency can hinder growth and development. Cognitive Impairment: Zinc is important for brain function, and deficiency can affect alertness, memory, and learning. Eye Problems: In severe cases, zinc deficiency can affect vision, including night blindness. Causes Inadequate Dietary Intake: Not eating enough zinc-rich foods can lead to deficiency, particularly in people with restrictive diets or limited access to nutritious food. Malabsorption Issues: Certain medical conditions, such as Crohn's disease or celiac disease, can interfere with zinc absorption. Increased Excretion: Conditions like diarrhea or kidney disease can increase zinc excretion, leading to deficiency. Increased Needs: Pregnancy, breastfeeding, and periods of rapid growth can increase the body's zinc requirements. Alcohol Abuse: Excessive alcohol consumption can impair zinc absorption and increase excretion. Night Blindness - > Vitamin A Deficiency Vitamin A deficiency occurs when the body doesn't get enough vitamin A, a fat-soluble vitamin essential for vision, immune function, and cell growth. It's a global health concern, particularly in developing countries, and can lead to vision problems, including night blindness and, in severe cases, blindness. Causes Dietary deficiency: Inadequate intake of vitamin A-rich foods is the primary cause, especially in regions where rice, which lacks vitamin A, is a staple food. Malabsorption: Conditions like cystic fibrosis, celiac disease, or certain pancreatic disorders can hinder the body's ability to absorb vitamin A. Liver disorders: The liver stores vitamin A, so liver issues can impair the body's ability to utilize it. Other conditions: Iron or zinc deficiency can also impact vitamin A uptake. Symptoms Night blindness: Difficulty seeing in low light is often the first noticeable symptom. Xerophthalmia: Dryness of the conjunctiva (white part of the eye) and cornea, potentially leading to corneal ulcers and blindness. Impaired immune function: Vitamin A is crucial for a healthy immune system, and deficiency can increase susceptibility to infections. Growth problems: Vitamin A deficiency can hinder growth and development, especially in children. Muscle Cramps - > Magnesium Deficiency Magnesium deficiency, also known as hypomagnesemia, occurs when the body has low levels of magnesium. Symptoms can range from mild, like fatigue and muscle cramps, to severe, such as seizures or abnormal heart rhythms. It's important to address magnesium deficiency promptly as it can lead to various health complications. Common Symptoms Fatigue and Weakness: Feeling unusually tired or weak. Muscle Problems: Muscle cramps, spasms, and twitching. Loss of Appetite: Reduced desire to eat. Nausea and Vomiting: Feeling sick to the stomach and throwing up. Numbness and Tingling: Pins and needles sensations, particularly in the limbs. Abnormal Heart Rhythms: Irregular heartbeat. Headaches: Including migraines. Personality Changes: Irritability, anxiety, or confusion. Causes Poor Dietary Intake: Not consuming enough magnesium-rich foods. Gastrointestinal Issues: Conditions like Crohn's disease or celiac disease can impair magnesium absorption. Excessive Alcohol Consumption: Alcohol can interfere with magnesium absorption and increase excretion. Certain Medications: Some medications can deplete magnesium levels. Kidney Problems: Impaired kidney function can affect magnesium levels. Ice Cravings - > Iron Deficiency Iron deficiency, particularly in the form of iron deficiency anemia (IDA), is associated with sleep disturbances like insomnia, shorter sleep duration, and restless sleep. Symptoms Being pale or having yellow "sallow" skin. Unexplained fatigue or lack of energy. Shortness of breath or chest pain, especially with activity. Insomnia and sleep disturbances: Research indicates a link between anemia and insomnia, with some studies showing a higher risk of insomnia in individuals with IDA. Anemia can also lead to other sleep problems, such as restless legs syndrome (RLS). Reduced oxygen flow: Iron deficiency can affect oxygen delivery to the brain, potentially leading to sleep disturbances. Increased heart rate: The body may compensate for reduced oxygen by increasing heart rate, which can make it harder to fall asleep. Anxiety and neurotransmitter imbalances: Low iron levels can contribute to anxiety, which can disrupt sleep. Additionally, iron is involved in the production of neurotransmitters like dopamine, serotonin, and melatonin, which play crucial roles in sleep regulation. Restless legs syndrome: Iron deficiency is a known risk factor for RLS, a condition characterized by an irresistible urge to move the legs, often accompanied by uncomfortable sensations. Sleep alterations in infants: Studies have also found that early IDA in infancy is associated with long-lasting alterations in sleep patterns, such as changes in REM sleep duration and timing, even after iron treatment. Fatigue - > B12 Deficiency Vitamin B12 deficiency can lead to a range of health problems, including anemia, fatigue, nerve damage, and neurological issues. It's crucial to recognize the symptoms and seek medical advice for proper diagnosis and treatment. Symptoms General: Fatigue, weakness, pale or yellow skin, headaches. Neurological: Numbness or tingling in hands and feet, muscle weakness, problems with balance and coordination, vision problems, memory problems, confusion, depression, and irritability. Gastrointestinal: Digestive issues, loss of appetite, a smooth, sore, and inflamed tongue (glossitis). Causes Dietary: Insufficient intake of B12-rich foods (primarily found in animal products). This is especially relevant for vegetarians and vegans. Absorption Issues: Conditions like pernicious anemia (where the body can't absorb B12), celiac disease, Crohn's disease, or after weight loss surgery can hinder B12 absorption. Dry Skin - > Omega-3 Deficiency Omega-3 deficiency can lead to various health issues, including dry skin, joint pain, mood swings, and fatigue. Insufficient intake of these essential fatty acids, found in foods like fish, flaxseeds, and walnuts, can be a contributing factor. Addressing this deficiency can involve dietary changes and, in some cases, supplementation. Signs and Symptoms Skin Issues: Dry, rough skin, eczema, and increased sensitivity. Joint Pain: Omega-3s have anti-inflammatory properties, and deficiency can exacerbate joint pain and stiffness, according to NativePath. Mood Changes: Deficiency can impact mood, potentially leading to depression, anxiety, and irritability, according to Progressive Medical Center. Cognitive Function: Omega-3s are important for brain health. Deficiency can lead to brain fog, poor memory, and difficulty concentrating, says Zooki. Other Symptoms: Dry eyes, fatigue, increased thirst, and potential cardiovascular issues can also be linked to omega-3 deficiency. Hair and Nails: Brittle hair and nails can be a sign of omega-3 deficiency, as these fatty acids contribute to hair and nail health. Depression - > Vitamin D Deficiency Vitamin D deficiency occurs when the body doesn't have enough vitamin D, which is crucial for bone health, calcium absorption, and various other bodily functions. It can lead to a range of health problems, including bone pain, muscle weakness, and increased risk of fractures, especially in children and older adults. Several factors can contribute to deficiency, such as limited sun exposure, dietary inadequacies, and certain health conditions. Causes Insufficient Sun Exposure: Sunlight is the primary source of vitamin D for most people, as the skin produces it when exposed to UVB radiation. Factors like geographic location (especially during winter months), limited time outdoors, and using sunscreen can reduce vitamin D synthesis. Dietary Deficiency: Very few foods naturally contain vitamin D. While some foods like fatty fish, egg yolks, and fortified products (like milk and cereal) can help, they may not provide sufficient amounts for everyone. Malabsorption Issues: Certain conditions like Crohn's disease, celiac disease, and cystic fibrosis can hinder the body's ability to absorb vitamin D from food. Certain Medications: Some medications, including certain anticonvulsants and those used to treat HIV/AIDS, can interfere with vitamin D metabolism and absorption. Obesity: Individuals with a BMI over 30 may have lower vitamin D levels due to the vitamin being sequestered in body fat, making it less available for use. Darker Skin Tone: People with darker skin pigmentation produce less vitamin D in response to sunlight than those with lighter skin. Symptoms Bone Pain and Weakness: Vitamin D is essential for calcium absorption, which is needed for strong bones. Deficiency can lead to bone pain, especially in the back and hips, and can increase the risk of fractures. Muscle Weakness and Pain: Vitamin D receptors are present in muscles, and deficiency can lead to muscle weakness, fatigue, and increased risk of falls. Rickets (in children): In children, vitamin D deficiency can cause rickets, a condition where bones become soft and weak, leading to skeletal deformities, particularly bowed legs. Osteomalacia (in adults): In adults, deficiency can cause osteomalacia, which is a softening of the bones, leading to bone pain, muscle weakness, and increased risk of fractures. Fatigue and Mood Changes: Some individuals with vitamin D deficiency may experience fatigue, depression, and other mood changes. Pale Skin - > Iron or B12 Deficiency Frequent Infections - > Zinc or Vitamin C Deficiency Tingling/Numbness - > B12 Deficiency Bloating after meals - > Low Stomach Acid Brain Fog - > Choline Deficiency Restless Legs - > Iron or Magnesium Deficiency Schedule an appointment with Dr. Diana to address your symptoms and get to the root cause of your health issues. Call or Text 1 (602) 524-0222.
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